Degree in Medicine (1991) at the Ancient University of Pisa, (1363), Italy.

Postgraduate School in Nephrology, University of Pisa, Italy, European fellowships, 4 years, with mentor Prof S. Giovannetti, who, with Prof Giordano, since 1963, has outlined a low protein diet with low intake of phosphorus, integrated with essential amino acids and keto analogs, aiming to reduce the progression of chronic renal failure and in this school, so she had the possibility of participating to biomedical research: low protein diet study on laboratory mice and rats with CKD and ADPK. She had, also, the opportunity to embrace all aspects of nephrology profoundly, developed a particular interest in the clinic of transplants and autoimmune nephropathies, and completed the fellowship with an experience in the UK in 1996.

Master’s degree: -

Master in “The Diagnosis and Treatment of Endocrinopathies” University of Pisa -Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism(2003-2004)

-Master in renal Echo/Doppler- S. Anna School, University of Pisa, Italy (2009-2010)

-Master in “Food Science and Applied Dietetics”-University of Rome La Sapienza Unit Elma. (2020-2021)

-Master in ‘eHealth Management ‘, capstone project:’’A Nephrology care model and digital network in an extended province of Southern Italy; ideal model versus applicable model?’’ Valencia University and Rome Business' School (2021-2022).

She worked for more than 25 years in the Italian National System, before moving to the Middle East where she still works as a Consultant Nephrologist, and where she was able to deal with the various aspects of clinical nephrology for patients of over 100 different nationalities, also acquiring knowledge of the different health systems as well as those of developing countries.